What is the minimum measure a non-priest must consume for the obligation to pay the principal plus a fifth to apply?
Halachah 2 derives from Leviticus 22:14 ('when one will eat') that 'eating' implies no less than an olive-sized portion — and this measure applies equally to drinking as well.
Question 2
When a non-priest intentionally eats terumah after receiving a formal warning, what is the legal consequence?
Halachah 5 rules that intentional transgression with warning brings corporal punishment (lashes), and a person never receives both corporal punishment and financial liability simultaneously.
Question 3
If a non-priest unknowingly eats terumah that is chametz on Pesach, what is the ruling?
Halachah 6 rules that chametz terumah on Pesach is forbidden to benefit from in any way, making it valueless — not even worth paying for as wood — and thus no financial liability applies at all.
Question 4
A thief steals terumah and eats it. What exactly must he pay?
Halachah 23 rules: the thief owes (1) principal plus a fifth from ordinary grain to atone for consuming terumah, and (2) another principal at the lower value of terumah to fulfill the double-payment obligation for theft — totaling two principals and one fifth.
Question 5
What is the legal status of the additional fifth that a non-priest pays when making restitution for unknowingly consuming terumah?
Halachah 15 states that the fifth becomes terumah in all respects — it must be eaten in ritual purity and the priest cannot forgo it, for it represents the mechanism of atonement rather than a mere financial penalty.