From what date of the Nisan equinox onward is the year intercalated based on the equinox alone?
Halacha 2: if the Nisan equinox falls on the 16th of Nisan or later, the year is intercalated, since Pesach would then fall before the astronomical spring.
Question 2
Which three regions are assessed for spring grain ripeness?
Halacha 4: Judea, Transjordan, and the Galilee. If spring arrived in two but not the third — no intercalation; in one but not two — intercalation if tree fruits also have not grown.
Question 3
When three judges favor intercalation and two oppose, what happens?
Halacha 10: when three favor and two oppose, the decision cannot be made with five — two more judges are added from those summoned, reaching seven who decide by majority.
Question 4
Why is the Kohen Gadol disqualified from the intercalation panel?
Halacha 11: the Kohen Gadol is disqualified because he might be biased against intercalation to avoid Tishrei falling in cold weather, when he would need five cold immersions on Yom Kippur.
Question 5
In a Shemittah year, may the court intercalate if the equinox requires it?
Halacha 16: the prohibition on Shemittah intercalation applies only to practical needs (roads, bridges). If the year requires intercalation due to equinox, spring grain, or fruits, it is always intercalated regardless.