Can you ask a non-Jew to turn on a light for you on Shabbat?
Amira l'nochri: it's rabbinically forbidden to ask a non-Jew to perform melacha for you on Shabbat. The prohibition includes direct requests and clear hints.
Question 2
A non-Jew turns on a light in your house on their own for their own convenience. Can you benefit?
If a non-Jew acts independently for their own benefit (e.g., turning on a light because THEY want to see), you may generally benefit from it.
Question 3
Can you hint to a non-Jew that you want something done on Shabbat?
The Rambam includes hinting within the prohibition — if the intent is clear, the hint is functionally a request.
Question 4
For pikuach nefesh (danger to life), can you ask a non-Jew to do melacha?
Pikuach nefesh overrides all restrictions. For life-threatening situations, you may ask anyone — Jew or non-Jew — to do whatever is necessary.
Question 5
What is the main concern behind the prohibition of amira l'nochri?
The core concern: Shabbat is about your rest and relationship with God. Outsourcing the labor doesn't preserve the spirit of the day.