A hammer (primarily for building, which is a melachah) — how may it be moved on Shabbat?
A kli she-melachto l'issur (utensil for forbidden work) may be moved for its own use or to free up its spot. You can't just pick it up and carry it around.
Question 2
Can you move money on Shabbat?
Money is the paradigmatic example of muktzeh — not a utensil, no permitted Shabbat use, set aside entirely. Don't touch it.
Question 3
A stone is sitting on top of a jug you need. How do you access the jug?
Indirect handling: tilt the container until the muktzeh falls off. Don't pick up the stone directly — that's handling muktzeh. The tilt maneuver is permitted.
Question 4
Your child is sitting on your shoulders with a purse around their neck. Can you carry them?
The child who yearns for you may be carried. But the purse is judged separately — you're carrying the child (permitted) but also the purse (liability). Two distinct items.
Question 5
What is a kli she-melachto l'heter?
Kli she-melachto l'heter: a utensil whose primary purpose is permitted on Shabbat (e.g., a fork, cup, siddur). These may be carried freely anywhere, for any reason.