Uvda d'chol captures the Shabbat atmosphere: activities that are technically not melachah but feel like weekday business engagement. Inspecting fields, calculating expenses, etc.
Question 2
Can you run on Shabbat?
Running for a mitzvah is always permitted. The prohibition targets running for weekday purposes — business, exercise, etc.
Question 3
Can you board a ship on Friday that will sail during Shabbat?
You're a passive passenger — the ship moves, not you. For mitzvah purposes, boarding before Shabbat is permitted even though the voyage continues into Shabbat.
Question 4
During beyn hashmashot (twilight Friday evening), can you perform activities the Sages forbade as shevut?
The transitional period of beyn hashmashot carries leniencies — most rabbinic (shevut) restrictions are not enforced during this brief window.
Question 5
Your child plays with stones (normally muktzeh) on Shabbat. Must you stop them?
An adult may not tell a child to violate shevut. But if the child does it independently, there's no obligation to physically intervene and stop them.