You're standing in a private domain with your hand extended into a public domain holding an object. Where is the object?
The hand's domain is determined by its physical location, not the person's body. The object is in the public domain because the hand is there.
Question 2
What is "akira" in the context of carrying on Shabbat?
Akira is the uprooting — lifting an object from where it rests. Combined with hanacha (placing down) in another domain, it creates the complete carrying violation.
Question 3
A person runs through a public domain carrying a burden for the entire day without stopping. Are they liable?
Running without stopping means no hanacha (placing down). Without both akira AND hanacha, the carrying act is incomplete — no Torah liability.
Question 4
You throw an object from one private domain to another, passing through a public domain. Are you liable for carrying in the public domain?
Passing through ≠ resting in. The object must actually come to rest (hanacha) in a domain for it to count as being "placed" there. Flying through doesn't create liability.
Question 5
Can two people share liability if one picks up and the other places down?
Full individual liability requires the same person to perform both akira and hanacha. If split between two people, neither has complete individual Torah liability (though it's still rabbinically forbidden).