Reuven's son identifies his father's signature, and Shimon's son identifies his father's signature. Is the document validated?
Each son is identifying a different person's signature — they are not testifying 'for' their relatives in an interested way. This is treated as two valid independent witnesses.
Question 2
One witness identifies Reuven's signature; a different witness identifies Shimon's signature. Is the document validated?
Two witnesses must confirm each signer's handwriting. When only one person identifies each signature, three-fourths of the document's enforceability rests on single witnesses — insufficient.
Question 3
An adult testifies that he recognized a signature when he was a child. Is this valid?
Testimony about what was observed in childhood is valid when an adult who currently recognizes the signature joins in. The childhood recollection plus adult corroboration together establish the signature.
Question 4
Two witnesses challenge a document's signatories as 'minors when they signed.' Other witnesses verify the signatures are authentic. What is the ruling?
When there is an equal contest between those who challenge the signatories and those who verify the signatures, they balance out — the document cannot be enforced.
Question 5
A living witness says 'this is my signature' and confirms the transaction — but cannot sign with the other judge because they already signed. What is the proper procedure?
If only one person besides the living witness can identify his signature, the living witness writes his signature on a shard before witnesses, submits it to court, and then he and another can verify the deceased signer's signature.