Why is a very old man disqualified from serving on a Sanhedrin?
The Rambam states that very old men and those without male physical attributes are excluded because they possess the trait of cruelty — lacking the compassion required of a judge.
Question 2
May a king of the House of David serve on the Sanhedrin?
Kings of Israel may not sit on the Sanhedrin because it is forbidden to disagree with them or repudiate their words — compromising judicial independence.
Question 3
Which of the following is NOT one of the seven required qualities for a judge in a court of three?
The seven traits are: wisdom, humility, fear of God, loathing of money, love of truth, being beloved by people, and a good reputation. Priestly lineage is preferred for Sanhedrin but is not required for a court of three.
Question 4
A court of three judges is disqualified if one judge is:
A convert may not serve on a court of three unless his mother is a native-born Jewess. A mamzer, however, is acceptable even if all three judges are mamzerim.
Question 5
According to the Rambam, may a single expert judge adjudicate a case alone?
Scripturally, one judge may adjudicate. Rabbinically, three are required. But even an expert judge should sit with others as a mitzvah, though he is not obligated.