Which of the following transgressions does NOT incur lashes?
Taking revenge is a prohibition without a physical act (lav she'ein bo ma'aseh). Such prohibitions do not incur court-administered lashes. The others all involve a prohibited act and do incur lashes.
Question 2
What is a 'lav shenitak la'aseh' (a prohibition correctable by a positive act), and when does it incur lashes?
A prohibition linked to a corrective positive act (like sending away the mother bird) only incurs lashes if the person violates the prohibition AND then fails to correct it with the required positive act.
Question 3
What is the kipah, and when is it applied?
The kipah is a narrow confinement cell — exactly the height of the convicted person — where they cannot lie down. After receiving lashes twice for the same karet offense and repeating it, they are placed in the kipah and fed meager rations until they die.
Question 4
Why does the Sanhedrin not accept a person's own confession as basis for execution or lashes?
Rambam explains: some people are so deeply troubled that they desire death. Such a person might confess to a crime he didn't commit just to be executed. The Torah's decree of two-witness testimony protects against this.
Question 5
For which THREE specific violations does the Torah allow zealot intervention (punishable on the spot by the zealous), bypassing the court?
For these three violations — stealing Temple vessels, cursing God using a foreign deity's name, and sexual relations with a non-Jewish woman — the Sanhedrin does not adjudicate. Zealots who intervene on the spot are meritorious.