A tailor holds a garment he was commissioned to repair. The owner claims it back. Does the tailor have a presumption of ownership?
A craftsman's possession of a client's article arises from commission, not ownership. No presumption of ownership exists for articles given to craftsmen professionally.
Question 2
Two people hold a garment. One claims the whole, the other claims the whole. How is it divided?
When both hold the item and each claims the whole, the Sages' rule is: each swears they own at least half (not less) and they divide it equally.
Question 3
One person claims an entire garment; the other claims only half. How is it divided?
Each gets what is uncontested plus half of what's disputed. One claims all (100%) — uncontested is 50%. The other claims half (50%) — uncontested is 0%. The 50% disputed is split: 25% each. Total: 75% and 25%.
Question 4
Before seizing a field, Reuven says aloud: 'I am going to take Shimon's field.' He then occupies it. Can he later claim ownership through possession?
Pre-declared hostile intent disqualifies any subsequent possession from establishing ownership. The possession was never peaceful or unchallenged.
Question 5
Two people come to court holding a garment. The court instructs them to each hold an end. One lets go. Who gets the garment?
The court's instruction to both parties to hold establishes a procedural status quo. When one releases during court-ordered mutual holding, the remaining holder has the stronger possession claim.