A man dies leaving one son and one tumtum (intersex person). How is the estate divided?
The son is a certain heir; the tumtum's status is doubtful. A definite heir always prevails over a doubtful one, so the son inherits the entire estate.
Question 2
A woman remarries too soon after divorce and bears a son of uncertain paternity. Can this son inherit either father?
Because his paternity is genuinely uncertain, this son cannot inherit from either father. However, if this son dies, both men can inherit from him, splitting equally — because each is equally doubtful as to being his father.
Question 3
A house falls on a husband and wife simultaneously. No one knows who died first. What happens to the wife's nichsei m'log (personal property)?
The wife's nichsei m'log (property she brought in which her husband had usage rights) is presumed to belong to her heirs. The ketubah remains with the husband's heirs, and tzon barzel is split equally.
Question 4
A father and son die simultaneously. The son had debts. Can creditors collect from the son's share of the father's estate?
The estate is in the possession of the heirs. Creditors must prove that the father died first — allowing the son to inherit — before they can collect. Without proof, they receive nothing.
Question 5
A house falls on a grandfather and his daughter's son (they both die). Who inherits the grandfather's estate?
If the grandfather died first, the daughter's son would inherit him. If the daughter's son died first, the grandfather's other heirs take the estate. Since we don't know the order, both sets divide equally.