By Torah law, from which quality of land does a creditor collect?
Torah law gives the creditor only inferior-quality land (ziburit), as a borrower tends to bring out his least valuable items. The Sages upgraded this to intermediate land to encourage lending.
Question 2
Why did the Sages ordain that creditors collect from intermediate-quality (beinoni) land?
The Sages wanted to ensure that lenders would not 'shut the door' on borrowers, so they improved the creditor's collection rights to intermediate land.
Question 3
A debtor still holds unsold inferior land but has sold superior land to a purchaser. Where does the creditor collect?
As long as the debtor holds free (unsold) property, the creditor must collect from it first — regardless of quality — and cannot touch property already sold to a third party.
Question 4
When a debtor sells fields to multiple buyers one after another, which purchaser does the creditor approach first?
The creditor approaches the last purchaser first, because each prior buyer can argue 'I left you property (the later purchase) to collect from.' They work backward from last to first.
Question 5
If a creditor waives his right to collect from a second purchaser (by kinyan), what happens to his right against the first purchaser?
The first purchaser can say: 'I left you the ability to collect from the second purchaser, and you waived that yourself — you caused your own loss.' The creditor thereby also loses his right against the first purchaser.