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The following rules apply when a person tells a colleague: "I am selling you a parcel of earth fit to sow a kor." If the land contains small hollows that are ten handbreadths deep even if they do not contain water, or rocks that are ten handbreadths high, they are not included in the above measure.The rationale is that a person does not want to pay money for one parcel of land and have it appear as two or three parcels. The purchaser acquires these rocks and hollows as part of the parcel of land fit to sow a kor without paying for them.
If the hollows or the rocks are smaller than ten handbreadths, they are measured together with the remainder of the field.

When does the above apply? When together, the area of all the rocks and the hollows was no more than the area necessary to sow four kabbim and was contained within an area where at least five kabbim could be sown, and was contained within the majority of the field.
If the area of the rocks and the hollows is more than the area necessary to sow four kabbim that area is very spread out, or it is contained within a lesser area than one in which five kabbim could be sown, they are not included in the measure of the field, even if they are not ten handbreadths high or deep.
All the following situations are questions left unresolved by the Talmud: The majority of the area necessary to sow four kabbim is contained in a small portion of the field, a small portion of the area necessary to sow four kabbim is contained in the majority of the field, the rocks are in a straight line, in a circle, in a triangle, they are in the shape of a star, or in a jagged line. In all these instances, because of the doubt involved, we follow the principle: One who desires to expropriate money from a colleague must prove his contention.Similarly, if there is earth on top and a rock beneath it, or a rock on top and earth beneath it, there is an unresolved doubt among our Sages, and the above principle is followed.

If there is one large rock, even if it is only as large as the area necessary to sow a quarter of a kav, it is not included in the measurement. If a rock is next to the border of a field, even if it is very small, it is not included in the measurement. If there is some earth between the rock and the boundary, there is an unresolved doubt among our Sages.

When the seller tells the purchaser: "I am selling you a parcel of earth like the area fit to sow a kor" different rules apply. Even if it has hollows that are ten or more handbreadths deep or stones that are ten or more handbreadths high, they are included in its measure.

When a person tells a colleague: "I am selling you a parcel of earth fit to sow a kor, as measured with a rope" the measurement must be exact. If the land is even slightly smaller, the purchaser may reduce the payment proportionally. If it is even slightly larger, the extra amount should be returned to the seller.

When the seller tells the purchaser: "I am selling you a parcel of earth fit to sow a kor," it is as if he said "approximately a parcel of earth fit to sow a kor, perhaps more, perhaps less."
The following laws apply. If the measure was one twenty-fourth less - i.e., a fourth of a kav, for each parcel of earth fit to sow a se'ah, it is considered to be within the terms of the original agreement. If the deviation is larger than that, he should calculate the amount due for all the parcels of land fit to sow a fourth of a kav that are either lacking or additional. He should deduct from the price for the entire amount that is less than the parcel of earth necessary to sow a kor or make restitution to the seller for everything that is more than that amount.

How should restitution be made to the seller? If the additional amount is less than an area fit to sow nine kabbim, the purchaser should return to the seller the percentage of the price paid at the time of the sale. This is done to strengthen the position of the seller.
If the extra portion of land is located next to another field belonging to the seller, the purchaser should return the land itself. For the seller can include it with his other fields and will not suffer any loss.
If the additional amount is more than an area fit to sow nine kabbim, the purchaser should return to the seller a fourth of a kav for each parcel of earth fit to sow a se'ah. If the remainder besides these fourths of-a-kav parcels is an area fit to sow nine kabbim, the purchaser should give the seller these fourths of-a-kav parcels and the additional land. If the seller does not desire the land, the purchaser has the option of paying the seller according to the price at the time of purchase.

When does the above apply? When the land was inexpensive at the time of the sale and rose in value at the time when restitution is being made. If, however, the land was expensive and decreased in value, we tell the purchaser: "If you desire, pay him for the entire additional amount, giving him the price at the time of the sale. If you desire to give him land, give it to him according to its present value."

The same laws that apply to an area fit to sow nine kabbim in a field apply to an area fit to sow half a kav in a garden. If there is less than half a kav in addition to the fourths of a kav for each parcel of earth fit to sow a se'ah, the purchaser is required only to return money. If there is an additional half kav, the purchaser should pay him for all the additional fourths and the extra amount or return the land to him even if its price decreased at the time it is being returned.

When a person sells a field and it becomes a garden while in the possession of the purchaser, or he sells a garden and it becomes a field while in the possession of the purchaser, there is a doubt whether the laws are determined according to its state at the time of the sale or its immediate state.

When a person tells a colleague: "I am selling you a parcel of earth fit to sow a kor, as measured with a rope, perhaps more, perhaps less," or if he says: "I am selling you a parcel of earth fit to sow a kor, perhaps more, perhaps less, as measured with a rope," one should follow the less committing of the implications. The purchaser does not receive more according to the principle: "When a person desires to expropriate property from a colleague, the burden of proof is on him," whether the seller's statements imply more or less.

When a person sells a colleague a parcel of land fit to sow a kor and states signs and boundaries for it that are a sixth less or a sixth more than the area fit to sow a kor, the sale is binding. If it is less than that amount by more than a sixth, the seller must subtract from the sum the purchaser pays. If the field was more than a sixth larger, the purchaser should give him either money or land as appropriate for the extra amount. If the extra amount was less than an area fit to sow nine kabbim in a field, or less than an area fit to sow half a kav in a garden and it was not located next to a field belonging to the seller, the purchaser should return the appropriate amount of money.

The following rule applies when a person sells to a colleague a field with which the colleague is familiar and knows its boundaries. Even if he tells him that its measurement is 200, and in truth it is only 150 the sale is binding. For he knew the field and accepted it. By saying its measure is 200, he was stressing its importance. It is as if he had said: "It is as valuable as a field that is 200 in measure."

When a person tells a colleague: "I am selling you this and this parcel of land fit to sow a kor" even though when measured, it is fit to sow only a letech, the sale is binding. For he sold him a place that was called "fit to sow a kor." For this reason, the seller must bring proof that the parcel of land is called "fit to sow a kor."
Similarly, if a person tells a colleague: "I am selling you my vineyard in this and this place," even if there are no vines on the land, the sale is binding, provided the place is described as a vineyard.
Similarly, if a person tells a colleague: "I am selling you this orchard," even if there are no pomegranates on the land, the sale is binding, provided the place is described as an orchard. Similar principles apply in all analogous situations.

All the above rules apply only in a place where there is no prevailing local custom, as we have explained. When, by contrast, there is a prevailing local custom, that custom should be followed. Similarly, we follow the implied meanings of the expressions used by the majority of the local people.