A seller claims his wheat is top quality (yafot). The buyer finds it to be lower quality (ra'ot). Who may retract?
When the seller overstated the quality, only the buyer (the deceived party) may retract. The seller who caused the problem does not get to cancel.
Question 2
A seller claims to be selling red wheat, but delivers white wheat. What is the legal result?
When a completely different species (or variety) is delivered than what was contracted for, both parties may retract. This is not a quality difference within the same item — it is a different item altogether.
Question 3
A buyer transfers wine to his own containers. It immediately turns into vinegar. Is the seller responsible?
Once the buyer transfers wine to his own containers, the risk is his — even if it sours immediately. The only exception is if the seller knew his wine was turning sour, making it a fraudulent transaction.
Question 4
A seller promises 'aged wine' (yashan). What minimum quality must be delivered?
Promising 'aged wine' (yashan) obligates the seller to deliver wine from the previous year. 'Vintage wine' (meyushan) requires wine that is three years old and must stay good until Sukkot.
Question 5
A seller agrees to sell a 'kneading trough.' Can he deliver a piece of wood that is suitable for carving into a trough?
Selling a named finished product (kneading trough, olive press beam) requires delivering the finished article. A piece of wood capable of becoming that article is not sufficient — the seller must provide the object in its final form.