Maimonides lists twenty-three defects unique to animals, in addition to fifty shared defects with humans — totaling seventy-three.
Question 2
What is the status of a holy animal with a defect?
A holy animal with a defect cannot be offered as it is unfit, nor redeemed as it is not disqualified by a permanent defect — it will graze until its defect is permanently established.
Question 3
What to do with an animal found treifah?
A holy animal that was slaughtered and found treifah — it is taken to the burning place. Holy items cannot be redeemed to feed dogs.
Question 4
What is the status of an animal with three kidneys?
A general principle in the Torah: anything with an extra limb is like it is missing a limb, thus three kidneys disqualify the animal from being offered, as stated 'they shall be perfect for you'.
Question 5
How is a water drop in the animal's eyes a permanent defect?
Maimonides rules that a drop of water in the eyes is examined by feeding fresh grass from the beginning of Adar to mid-Nisan, and dry grass in Elul and mid-Tishrei — these are the natural remedy. If not healed — the water is permanent and the defect is permanent.