You missed Mincha accidentally. When can you make it up?
Tashlumin: make up in the immediately following prayer. Missed Mincha → extra Amidah during Maariv (the makeup comes second, after the regular Maariv).
Question 2
Can you make up a prayer you intentionally skipped?
"The crooked cannot be straightened" — the Rambam quotes Kohelet. Deliberately skipping prayer is a sin that requires repentance, not a makeup session.
Question 3
You missed both Shacharit and Mincha on the same day. How many can you make up?
The Rambam rules: you can only make up the most recently missed prayer. Miss Shacharit and Mincha both — only one tashlumin is allowed (for Mincha). Shacharit is lost.
Question 4
Can you make up a missed Shabbat prayer after Shabbat ends?
When praying tashlumin (makeup), which comes first — the regular prayer or the makeup?
The regular, obligatory prayer of the current time comes first. The makeup (tashlumin) follows. Reversing them doesn't fulfill either obligation properly.