What do you do if someone greets you during the Amidah?
The Amidah requires total absorption. Even a king's greeting gets no response. Even a snake around your ankle — keep praying unless it's a deadly danger.
Question 2
Forgot Ya'aleh V'yavo at Shacharit on Rosh Chodesh — what do you do?
Shacharit on Rosh Chodesh is obligatory — you go back to Ya'aleh V'yavo and continue from there. The rule is: if it's an obligatory insertion in an obligatory prayer, go back.
Question 3
Where in the Amidah can you add personal prayer requests?
The middle blessings are request-blessings. Add personal health requests in Refa'einu, personal livelihood needs in Bareich Aleinu, etc. The structure accommodates personal prayer.
Question 4
Forgot the complete Shabbat version and prayed the weekday Amidah on Shabbat — what do you do?
If you recited a weekday Amidah on Shabbat (all 19 weekday blessings), you must go back and repeat with the correct 7-blessing Shabbat version.
Question 5
Can you speak during the gap between the silent Amidah and the chazzan's repetition?
Once you've completed your own silent Amidah, you may speak before the chazzan's repetition. The strict silence applies only during your own prayer.